منذ أن عقدت روسيا الاتحادية عزمها على غزو أوكرانيا، لم تهدأ مساعي دول حلف شمال الأطلسي “الناتو” من أجل وقف هذا الاجتياح بشتى الطرق. إلا أنه وفي هذا العصر التقني المتطور، لم تعد الحرب تقتصر فقط على القنابل والصواريخ والطائرات. فاليوم يواجه العالم حربًا باردة شبيهة لسابقتها التي بدأت عام 1947 بين الاتحاد السوفيتي وأمريكا، لكن بصورة رقمية جديدة. كيف تهدد الحرب الباردة الرقمية مع روسيا قطاع التكنولوجيا؟. سؤال لابدّ من الإجابة عنه، بعد دخول التكنولوجيا عالم البنوك وحتى المعدات الحربية العسكرية. سيما بعد إعلان بايدن رئيس أمريكا مساعيه لمعاقبة روسيا تقنيًا. سنبين لك في مقالنا كيف تهدد الحرب الباردة الرقمية مع روسيا قطاع التكنولوجيا اليوم وماهي آثار ذلك على المدى القريب والبعيد.
الحرب الباردة الرقمية مع روسيا
غدت الحرب الباردة الرقمية مع روسيا خيارًا أساسيًا لدى رئيس الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية “جو بايدن” بعد إعلان الرئيس الروسي “فلاديمير بوتين”، غزو أوكرانيا يوم الرابع والعشرين من عام 2022. وتُعتبر هذه الحرب هي الأولى من نوعها في القرن الواحد والعشرين، كونها تعتمد كليًا على القطاع التقني وليس على القنابل أو الأسلحة الثقيلة أو النووية. ونتيجةً لذلك، فقد أعلن “جو بايدن” عن حزمة من القرارات التي تتضمن عزل بنوك روسيا كليًا عن الأسواق المالية العالمية. بالإضافة لتجميد بعض الأصول لمستثمرين روس ورجال أعمال.
اقرأ أيضًا: جنون أسعار الغاز.
هجمات روسيا الإلكترونية
لكن بالحديث عن الحرب الباردة الرقمية مع روسيا ضمن قطاع التكنولوجيا أيضًا، فلا بدّ أن نشير إلى وجود تاريخ من الهجمات الإلكترونية التي تعرضت لها الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. سيما بعد تورط روسيا في خرق “SolarWinds” الذي استهدف الوكالات الحكومية الأمريكية وشركات أمريكية أخرى.
اليوم في عهد الرئيس الروسي فلاديمير بوتين، فقد تمّ التركيز بشكل كبير على قطاع التكنولوجيا، من ناحية الاختراقات البرمجية والقرصنة. ولعلّ الدليل الأكبر على ذلك، قدرة روسيا في اليومين الماضيين على تعطيل البنية التحتية والمرافق المختلفة في أوكرانيا عبر هجمات إلكترونية منظَّمة. خاصةً، وأن الهجمات الإلكترونية الروسية طالت أيضًا البنوك الأوكرانية.
قطاع التكنولوجيا المتضرر من حرب روسيا
ليس بغريب أن تتأثر صناعة التكنولوجيا في العالم بالحرب الباردة بين روسيا والولايات المتحدة الأمريكية وحلفائها في الناتو. سيما وأن معظم الشركات التكنولوجية متصلة بشكل أو بآخر بروسيا. فعلى سبيل المثال من قطاع التكنولوجيا المتضرر من حرب روسيا شركة Kaspersky المختصة بالأمن السيبراني وحماية الحواسيب من الفيروسات والتي مقرها الأساسي في موسكو ولها فروع في أمريكا وفرنسا وألمانيا والصين وبريطانيا وغيرهم، وبالتالي لن تسلم هذه الشركة من العقوبات التي ستطالها نتيجة الحرب الرقمية الباردة.
كما نذكر أيضًا شركة Parallels، التي تعتمد على ميزة تسمح للمستخدمين الراغبين باستعمال تطبيقات مايكروسوفت ويندوز، على أجهزتهم التي تعمل بأنظمة Chrome. هذه الشركة نالت توسع كبير في روسيا ولاشكّ أنها من المتأثرين بهذه الحرب وهي مموّلة من الروسي Serguei Boloussov. كمثال آخر، شركة Acronis، Veeam Software.
العقوبات العالمية على روسيا في قطاع التكنولوجيا، طالت أيضًا خدمات برمجية ومطورين روس وشركات هواتف نقالة، كانت تسعى الشركات الأوروبية والأمريكية بالسابق لضمّهم لشركاتها. فسياسة العزل الدولي التي تمّ اتباعها مع إيران تتشابه مع هذه السياسة. لكن، مع الاعتماد كليًا على خدمات أمريكية أو أوربية بديلة عن الروسية.
الكثير الكثير من الشركات ستتعرض لأزمات حقيقية نتيجة هذه الحرب. فنحن في زمن بات الإقتصاد والكلمة وعالم الميديا، أقوى بمرات من الأسلحة الكيماوية والنووية. لكن الأخطر من ذلك كله، هو تأثير هذه الحرب على معيشة الشعوب. سيما بعد جنون أسعار الغاز والنفط العالميين، والتخبّط الواضح في أسواق البورصة العالمية. الأمر، الذي يُنذِر بأزمة اقتصادية جديدة، ستكون الأولى من نوعها منذ عهود.
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